A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Hypothermia among mothers of neonates in selected hospitals at Nagpur
Mr. Hanokh. J. Chakranarayan, Miss Sneha Dubey*, Miss Komal Jain
Suretech College of Nursing, Nagpur
*Corresponding Author E-mail: dubeysneha176@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Background:
Hypothermia is a progressive condition that can develop rapidly and which becomes increasingly serious as the body temperature decreases. It is important to immediately treat mild hypothermia because mild hypothermia leads to severe hypothermia, which frequently results in death. Hypothermia causes physiological, biochemical and hormonal changes which affect the victim's ability to think clearly and rationally. Recently, there has been renewed interest in using moderate hypothermia, defined as a patient’s core body temperature is between 32 and 34°C, as a clinical means of offering neurological protection to patients with severe head trauma, cardiac or pulmonary distress, or other pathologies that compromise the body’s ability deliver oxygen to the brain.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the level of knowledge of mothers of neonates regarding prevention of hypothermia.
2. To assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of hypothermia among mothers of neonates.
3. To associate the knowledge of mothers with the selected demographic variables.
METHODOLOGY: This study was based on evaluative approach and Pre-experimental study, one group pre and post test design” is used. The sample consisted of sixty mothers of neonates selected hospitals at Nagpur city. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used and Structured questionnaire tool was used.
Result: Paired t-test was applied to compare knowledge score before and after health teaching among neonate’s mothers. The t-test was found to be 3.78 and corresponding p-value was 0.0. The knowledge score of neonates mothers improved after health teaching on prevention of hypothermia is proved to be effective in delivering the knowledge and awareness.
Conclusion: To concluded that structured teaching programmer on prevention of hypothermia among mothers of neonates was found effective as a teaching strategy.
.
KEYWORDS: Effectiveness, Knowledge, Structured teaching program, Hypothermia, Mothers.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
The healthy newborn infant born at term between 38 to 42 weeks, cries immediately after birth, establishes independent rhythmic respiration quickly adapts with the extra uterine environment, having an average birth weight and no congenital anomalies. The transition from intrauterine to extra uterine life is perhaps the greatest challenge any human being can fall in the curse of lifetime. Approximately 3% to 7% of all newborns require some form of support. Hypothermia is a progressive condition that can develop rapidly and which becomes increasingly serious as the body temperature decreases. It is important to immediately treat mild hypothermia because mild hypothermia leads to severe hypothermia, which frequently results in death. Hypothermia causes physiological, biochemical and hormonal changes which affect the victim's ability to think clearly and rationally.
A study was conducted in Paris on 111 neonates to evaluate the effectiveness of skin to skin contact in the prevention of hypothermia. The mothers of neonates were instructed to keep their babies always in touch with their skin. This study shows that the method was very much successful in the prevention of hypothermia in neonates and the study supports the importance of Kangaroo care method also.
MATERIAL AND METHOD:
This study was based on evaluative approach and Pre-experimental study, one group pre and post test design” is used. The sample consisted of sixty mothers of neonates selected hospitals at Nagpur city. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used and Structured questionnaire tool was used. First day Pre test was done to assess the level of knowledge and practice regarding prevention of hypothermia among mothers of neonates. Than Health teaching regarding selected prevention of hypothermia and Kangaroo mother care given and on third day Post test was done to assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of hypothermia among mothers of neonates.
RESULT:
Majority of (43%) the mothers were from age group of 22-25 years.33% of the mothers were newborn mothers, 33% of mothers are multipara mothers and 33% of mothers are primi mothers.
Majority of (52%) the mothers had primary education, (33%) of their mother had secondary education and (15%) of mothers has graduate education, Majority of (97%) the mothers were housewife, 2% of government job and 2% of business. Majority of (47%) mothers family having income of below 5,000/months, (40%) of mothers family having income of 5,000-10,000/months and only (13%) having income above 10,000.
Majority of (75%) the mothers were living in urban area, (13%) the mother were living in slum area and (12%) the mother were living in village area.
Majority of (100%) the mothers gained previous knowledge from their parents.
Table :1 Description of comparison between pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding prevention of hypothermia N=60
Knowledge grade |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
||
F |
% |
F |
% |
|
Poor (score 0-5) |
38 |
63% |
0 |
0% |
Average (score 6-10) |
19 |
32% |
5 |
8% |
Good knowledge(score 11-5) |
3 |
5% |
43 |
72% |
Very good knowledge (score 16-20) |
0 |
0% |
12 |
20% |
In pre test, majority of 63% mothers of neonates had poor knowledge regarding prevention of hypothermia ,32% of mothers of neonates had average knowledge and only 5% had good knowledge regarding prevention of hypothermia while In post test ,majority of 72% mothers of neonates had good knowledge regarding prevention of hypothermia, 20% of mothers of neonates very good knowledge ,8% of the mothers of neonates had average knowledge and not a single mother had poor knowledge in post test regarding prevention of hypothermia .This indicates that there is a marked improvement in knowledge of mothers of neonates after health teaching .
Table 2: Description of evaluation of the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding prevention of hypothermia. N=60
|
MEAN |
SD |
T |
DF |
p-value |
Pre-test |
4.51 |
2.98 |
3.78 |
59 |
0.05 |
Post -test |
13.5 |
5.15 |
|
|
|
Paired t-test was applied to compare knowledge score before and after health teaching among neonate’s mothers. The t-test was found to be 3.78 and corresponding p-value was 0.05. Since p-value is 0.0, null hypothesis was rejected and research hypothesis was accepted. Researcher concluded at 5% level of significance and 59 degree of freedom that knowledge score of neonates mothers improved significantly after receiving health teaching on prevention of hypothermia. Thus, the health teaching on prevention of hypothermia is proved to be effective in delivering the knowledge and awareness.
Table.3 An analysis of the data to find relationship between knowledge and selected demographic variables. N=60
Demographic variables |
Chi-square value |
Degree of freedom |
Table value |
Level of Significance |
Significance |
Age |
2.89 |
6 |
12.59 |
P=0.05 |
Significant |
mothers |
3.44 |
6 |
12.59 |
P=0.05 |
Significant |
Education |
6.59 |
6 |
12.59 |
P=0.05 |
Significant |
Occupation |
1.17 |
6 |
12.59 |
P=0.05 |
Significant |
Family income |
10.20 |
6 |
12.59 |
P=0.05 |
Significant |
Place of living |
2.55 |
6 |
12.59 |
P=0.05 |
Significant |
Previous source of knowledge |
0 |
6 |
12.59 |
P=0.05 |
Significant |
There is significant association between age, mothers, education, occupation, income of family, residence and previous source of knowledge about the prevention of hypothermia among the mothers of neonates. It was calculated with the help of Chi-square test.
DISCUSSION:
In present study it was observed that health teaching regarding prevention of hypothermia was found to be effective in improving the knowledge and practice regarding prevention of hypothermia among neonates mothers.The paired t test difference in the knowledge was (t=3.78) found significantly high at the level of 0.05 indicating significant increase level of knowledge in the post test .Hence the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the research hypothesis (H1) was accepted. Thus providing the structured teaching programme was effective strategy to make a difference among neonates mothers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I extend my sincere thanks to all parents and neonates mothers for their whole hearted co-operation during the time of data collection.
Last but not the least we would like to extend our honest gratitude to our parents, brothers, sister, relatives and friends for their prayers, unending love and continuous encouragement.
REFERENCE:
1. Hughes, A, Riou, P, Day, C. Full neurological recovery from profound acute accidental hypothermia: successful resuscitation using active invasive rewarming techniques. Emerg Medical Journal, 2007; 24:511.
2. Danzl, DF, Pozos, RS. Accidental hypothermia. North England Medical Journal, 1994; 331:1756.
3. C.Luke et. al. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(1):71-77 http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/164/1/71.pdf
4. Dexter WW. Hypothermia, Safe and efficient methods of rewarming the patient, Postgrad Med. 1990 Dec;88(8):55-8, 61-4.
5. Soll RF. Heat loss prevention in neonates, J Perinatol. 2008 May; 28 Supl 1:S57-9.
6. Boo NY, Selvarani S. Effectiveness of a simple heated water-filled mattress for the prevention and treatment of neonatal hypothermia in the labour room, Singapore Med J. 2005 Aug; 46(8):387-91.
7. Iyengar SD, Bhakoo ON. Prevention of neonatal hypothermia in Himalayan villages, Trop Geogr Med. 1991 Jul;43(3):293-6.
8. Duman N, et.al. Polyethylene skin wrapping ccelerates recovery from hypothermia in very low-birthweight infants, Pediatr Int. 2006 Feb;48(1):29-32.
9. Li MX, Sun G, Neubauer H. Change in the body temperature of healthy term infant over the first 72 hours of life, J Zhejiang Univ Sci. 2004 Apr;5(4):486-93.
10. Laptook AR, Watkinson M. Temperature management in the delivery room, Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008 Dec;13(6):383-91. Epub 2008 May 23.
11. Agarwal S, et.al. Human touch to detect hypothermia in neonates in Indian slum dwellings. Indian J Pediatr. 2010 Jul;77(7):759-62. Epub 2010 Jun 29.
12. Hill ST, Shronk LK. The effect of early parent-infant contact on newborn body temperature, JOGN Nurs. 1979 Sep-Oct;8(5):287-90.
13. Choudhary. Prevention of hypothermia. Essential component of newborn care.Jaypee publications, Lucknow 1994 , 7-9
14. Gowtham Guptha, Neonatal morbidity and mortality: Report of national neonatal prenatal database: Indian Pediatrics 1997; New Delhi. 1039 – 1042.
15. Lundgren, JP, Henriksson, O, Pretorius, T, et al. Field torso-warming modalities: a comparative study using a human model. Prehosp Emerg Care 2009; 13:371.
16. Polit.DF, Hungler BP. Nursing research. Principles and methods.6thedition,Philadalphia,Williams and wilkins;2004,126-30
20. Danzl, DF, Pozos, RS, Auerbach, PS, et al. Multicenter hypothermia survey. Ann Emerg Med 1987; 16:1042.
21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11399129
22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16299878
23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18684103
24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158799
25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18254039
Received on 25.10.2017 Modified on 12.01.2018
Accepted on 25.01.2018 © A&V Publications all right reserved
Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2018; 6(1): 90-92.
DOI: 10.5958/2454-2660.2018.00022.4